These differences correlated with amyloid and tau levels, which rise before cognitive symptoms appear, but did not correlate with neurodegeneration, which becomes evident about the time cognitive skills start to decline. Of the 164 participants, about a third (49) had signs of early Alzheimer’s.Īn analysis revealed that healthy people and people with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease have markedly different gut bacteria - in terms of the species of bacteria present and the biological processes in which those bacteria are involved - despite eating basically the same diet. To distinguish participants already in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease from those who were healthy, the researchers looked for signs of amyloid beta and tau accumulation through brain scans and cerebrospinal fluid. As part of this study, participants provided stool, blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples kept food diaries and underwent PET and MRI brain scans. All participants were cognitively normal. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center at Washington University. Ferreiro, PhD, then a graduate student in Dantas’ lab and now a postdoctoral researcher, evaluated participants who volunteer for studies at the Charles F. “But if you can diagnosis someone very early in the disease process, that would be the optimal time to effectively intervene with a therapy.”ĭuring the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease, which can last two decades or more, affected people accumulate clumps of the proteins amyloid beta and tau in their brains, but do not exhibit signs of neurodegeneration or cognitive decline.ĭantas, Ances and first author Aura L. “By the time people have cognitive symptoms, there are significant changes that are often irreversible,” said Ances, the other co-corresponding author. But, Ances told Dantas, nobody had yet looked at the gut microbiomes of people in the critical pre-symptomatic phase. Scientists already knew that the gut microbiomes of people with symptomatic Alzheimer’s differ from the microbiomes of healthy people of the same age. Ances treats and studies people with Alzheimer’s disease Dantas is an expert on the gut microbiome. Brennan Professor of Neurology, chatted while their children played. The idea of studying the connection between the gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease came together at a youth soccer game, where Dantas and Beau M. The other alternative is that the gut microbiome is contributing to Alzheimer’s disease, in which case altering the gut microbiome with probiotics or fecal transfers might help change the course of the disease.” “It could be that the changes in the gut microbiome are just a readout of pathological changes in the brain. “We don’t yet know whether the gut is influencing the brain or the brain is influencing the gut, but this association is valuable to know in either case,” said co-corresponding author Gautam Dantas, PhD, the Conan Professor of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine. The findings, published June 14 in Science Translational Medicine, open up the possibility of analyzing the gut bacterial community to identify people at higher risk of developing dementia, and of designing microbiome-altering preventive treatments to stave off cognitive decline. People in the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease - after brain changes have begun but before cognitive symptoms become apparent - harbor an assortment of bacteria in their intestines that differs from the gut bacteria of healthy people, according to a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St.
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